lNтЕRrvlEDlAтE
tANGUAGE
PRAстl(E
Grammar
40
Grammar
42
Grammar
43
Grammar
44
Grammar
45
Grammar
46
Grammar
47
Grammar
48
Grammar
49
Grammar 50
Phrasal
vеrbs 2
Vеrbs with two
parts:
transitivе and sеparablе
_
Vеrbs with two
parts:
intransiti\.е
сoNsollDAтloN 4
165
Verbs followed
bу
-ing
or
infinitive 1
1'7o
\rеrbs
followеd\эу
-iпg
or
infinitivе:
littlе
or
no сhangе of mеaning
-
Vеrbs
follorvеd Ilу to + infinitivе
_
Vегbs
followеd tlу to + infinitivе, or thаt-c|ausе
Verbs folIowed
bу
-ing or
infinitive 2
775
\-еrbs
followed
bу
-iпg
or infinitivе:
сhangе of mеaning
_
Verbs followеd
br. -lilg
or
infinitivе
without
fo: сhangе
of mеaning
_
Verbs followеd
tll- -itlg or noun - Vеrbs
followеd bу
-iпg,
or
noun,
or thаt-с|atsе
r61
Verbs followed
by
prepositions
\-еrbs
+
prеposition
-
bе + adjесtivе
+
prеposition
Pronouns
]ndеfinitе
pronouns
-
Somеoпе| с|пyone еtс.
_
evеrуoпе, no oпe еtС'
-
Rеflеxivе
pronouns:
mуself еtс.
- Impеrsona| oпe
Possession
,s
(apostrophеs)
_
of and
сompound
nouns
_
Possеssivе adjесtivеs
*
Possеssivе
pronouns
_
Doublе
possеssivе
Linking
words
апd, both,
too, аS wеII,
аlso
_
for
eхаmple,
suсh аs
_
first
(of
аlI), seсoпdlу
etс',
fiпаIly
-
аs well аs
this,
besides this
_
in
fасt,
асtuаllу'in
mу view,
persoпаIlу
_
either,
or
_
insteаd
(ofl
_
eхсеpt
_
eуеп
_
Timе words with othеr
mеanings
Capital letters
and
punсtuation
Сapital lеttеrs
_
Full stop
(.)
-
Comma
(,)
_
Sеmi сolon
(;)
_
Colon
(:)
_
Spеесh marks
(,,) (',")
_
Quеstion
mark
(?)
and еxсlamation
mark
(!)
Spelling and
pronunсiation
1
Adding
-iпg
to
vеrbs
-
Words еnding
in -ful
_
-ie
ot
-el?
_
Silеnt
lеttеrs
Spelling and
pronunсiation
2
Samе sound, diffеrеnt
spelling
_
Samе
pronunсiation,
diffеrеnt spеlling
and mеaning - Words
whiсh look similar
_
Words with
a syllablе
whiсh is
not
pronounсеd
-
Nouns
and
vеrbs
with
с and s
_
How to improvе spеlling
сoNsoLIDAТloN
5
179
784
189
194
199
2oЗ
206
209
гl
сo
N тE Nтs
Voсabulary 1
Voсabulary 2
Voсabu|ary
3
Voсabulary 4
Voсabulary 5
Voсabulary
6
Voсabulary
7
VoсabuIary
8
Voсabulary
9
Voсabulary 10
Voсabulary
11
Voсabulary
12
Voсabulary
13
Voсabulary 14
Voсabulary 15
Voсabulary 16
Voсabu|ary 17
Voсabulary 18
Voсabulary 19
Voсabulary 20
Voсabulary 21
Dealing with voсabulary
Whеn
you
find a nеW word
-
Making
thе most
of
your
diсtionary
_
Kееping
a
voсabulary notеbook
Word formation
'l
Word
formation 2
Col|oсations and fixed expressions
'l
Colloсations and fixed expressions 2
Compound words
Money
and shopping
Living sPaсe
Personal matters
Family
and
friends
Тhe body and сlothes
Everyday
problems
Тravel and ho|idays
Interests
and
frеe
time
Plaсes
Food and drink
Work and study
Тhe natural
environment
ТooIs
and tесhnology
Еvеryday
objeсts
People
Formation rules
lrregular verbs
Grammar index
Grammar answers
Voсabulary
answеrs
,;ti:iii:tirttil
z|З
215
218
221
.o А
LLA
227
zЗo
2ЗЗ
2З6
2З9
242
245
248
251
254
257
260
26З
266
269
272
275
277
279
281
29З
v1l
Understanding
grammar
words
Matсh the examples
(a-n)
with thе
grammar
words
(1-14).
a) а/аn,
tиe ,!.Z.'.
b) аt, to,
for
',
с) do, hаve
., , ,.
d\ сап, must ,,'.'
e)
If
уou
do thаt, I,ll ' ,
f) she, Someoпq mуself
'
g)
аll, some,
both,
eithеr
'
h)
pаst
simple,
present
pеrfeсt
'.,
i) Whаt,s
your
паme?
Where do
уou
live? .'.'',,
i)
hаppy, importапt,
good
'
k) slowlу, саrеfullу, well
|)
get
up iп thе
morning, look up а
word
m) The lettеr thаt аrrived
this morniпg
is
for уou.
n) /t
is mаdе of
wood. The
book
1
vеrb
tеnsеs
2 auxiliary vеrbs
3
modal
auxiliariеs
4
prеpositions
5
quеstions
6 adjесtivеs
7 advеrbs
wаs written
in 2001.
8 сonditiоnal sеntеnсе
9
passivе
voiсе
10
pronouns
11 phrasal
vеrbs
12
artiсlеs
13
dеtеrminеrs
14 rеlativе
сlausе
2
Matсh
thе tеnses
in itolics
(a_h)
with
their names
(1_8).
a) Hеlеn is leаviпg first thing
in thе
morning. ' Z
b) I,ve beeп studуiпg
Еnglish for two
yеars.
с) If I hаd ahе|icoptец
I,d
gеt
to sсhool
morе еasily!
d) I
get
up at 7.Зo еvеry day.
е)
Nеxt
уear
|,II be tаkiпg
my final
еxams at
univеrsity.
f) By
thе
time wе
got
to thе
station,
thе train hаd left.
g)
|,vе livеd
in Athеns all my
lifе.
h) Whilе I wаs wаlkiпg along
thе strееt
a dog ran in front of a сar.
1
prеsеnt
simplе 5
past
simplе
2
prеsеnt
сontinuous
6
past
сontinuous
3
prеsеnt pеrfесt 7
past
pеrfесt
4
prеsеnt pеrfесt
сontinuous 8 futurе сontinuous
-
I NтER]r,|
ЕDlAтE
LAN G UAG
E PRAстlсЕ
Thinking about
language
in сontext
3
tor еaсh
situation
(a_d)
underIine
the
bеst
exprеssion.
Thе
othеr alternatives
may
be
wrong
in
grammar,
or
too
informal/impolite
for the situation,
or too
formal/poIitе
for thе
situation.
a) It,s
r-ouг birthday
on
Saturday.
Invitе a
friеnd to
your party.
1 I'1l
havе
apartУ on
Saturday.
You will сomе.
2 I,m
having
a
partу
on Saturday.
Do
you Want to сomе?
З
I havе a
party
on
Saturday.
Arе
you
сoming?
bl
\bu arе on thе bus. Ask
a strangеr
to
opеn thе
window.
1
Сould
you
opеn thе
windoщ
plеasе?
2 opеn
thе window.
3 Ехсusе
mе, but
do
you
think
you
сould
possibly
opеn
thе
window?
с) You arrivе
latе for
сlass
and
apologizе
to
your
tеaсhеr.
1 I,m latе, I apologizе.
2 Soтrу
I,m latе.
3
Plеasе aссеpt my most
sinсerе
apologiеs.
d) You arе
a witnеss
to a
minor
aссidеnt.
Еxplain
what
you
saw
to a
poliсеman.
1 Тhis
сar
сomеS down
thе
road and
hits a
trее, bangl
2 А сar
had
сomе down
thе
road and
had
hit a tIее.
З A сar сamе down thе
road and
hit
a trее.
Other
ways
of
learning
4
Whiсh ways of learning English
do
you
usе?
What сould
you start doing
now?
a) Rеading
for
plеasurе.
b)
Тranslating.
с) Мaking
lists
of
words, or
problеm
points, in a notеbook.
d) Using
a diсtionary.
е)
Listеning to songs.
f)
Kееping a diary.
g)
Rеviеwing
your
writtеn work.
h) Looking at Еnglish-languagе
intеrnеt sitеs.
i) Watсhing tеlеvision,
watсhing
films or
listеning
to thе
radio.
i)
Using a sеlf-study
grammar/voсabulary
book.
Whiсh English?
Еnglish is a world languagе, and
thе
Еnglish spokеn
in
thе
USA
or Australia
diffеrs
from thе Еnglish spokеn
in
Britain.
Thеrе arе also
diffеrеnсеs
bеtwееn
spеakеrs
from
Sсotland,
Irеland
and
Еngland, and
bеtwеen
diffеrеnt
parts
of thе
samе сountry.
This book usеs
what
is
gеnеrally
сallеd Standard
British
Еnglish.
Rеfеrеnсеs arе also madе to somе
diffеrеnсеs
in Amеriсan
Еnglish.
Prеsеnt
simpIe:
form
Prеsent
simpIe:
meaning
Еxplanations
r
Thе
prеsеnt
simplе
is formеd
with
thе
bare
infinitivе
form
of
thе vеrb.
Wе
add
s in thе
third
pеrson
singular he/she/it.
I like
You
likе
Hе/She/It
likes
We like
Theу
likе
Somе
vеrbs
arе
irrеgular
hаve, be
I hаve
You
hаve
Hе/She hаs
We
hаve
They
hоvе
I аm
You аre
He/She
is
We аre
They
аre
Spеlling
problеms
Vеrbs
еndingin
o,
s, Сh,
Sh,
х add
-es
for
thе third
person
singular.
He
goes She
misses
She wаtсhes
He
wishes
He relахes
Quеstions
Yes/Ilo
quеstiоns arе
formеd
with do and
thе
barе
infinitivе
form
of thе
vеrb.
Thе
third
pеrson
singular
usеs does.
Do vou
like
Itаliаn
food?
Does she
like
Itаliаn
food?
Wе also
lse
do/does
when
wе form
quеstions
with wheп,
whаt,
whу
where,
how etc.
Whаt
do
уou
wаnt?
Where does
she
liуe?
Nеgativеs
Nеgativеs
arе
formеd
with
do not and thе
barе
infinitivе
form of
thе
vеrb.
Thе third
pеIson singular
vses
does not.
I do not
like thаt.
She does пot
like
thаt.
In spеесh
and
informal
writing,
do пot bесomes
don,t,
and
does
пot bесomеs
doеsn,t.
I doп,t
likе
thаt.
She doesп,t
like thаt.
Wе usе
thе
prеsеnt simplе
to dеsсribе:
Habitual
aсtions.
I usuаllу
get
up
at
7.З0.
Aсtions
and
situations
that are
gеnеrally or usually
truе
Liz
plауs
in
the
sсhool
bаsketbаll teаm.
We like
iсe-сreаm.
Faсts
whiсh
arе
always
truе.
The
sun
rises
in
thе eаst.
Thе
prеsеnt simplе
also
has somе
futurе
mеanings.
lNтERinЕDlAтE LANGUAGE PRAстlсE
Presеnt
simple:
pronunсiation
Present
сontinuous:
form
Vеrbs whiсh
еnd in
lzl,
ldzl,
lsl, lshl, /tsh/
and
/ks/
makе an еxtтa syllablе in thе
third
pегson,
pгonounсе6
lпl
.
wаtсhеs
misses
relахes
Аftеr
lf l, lkl, lpl,
ltl,
thitd
pelson
sound
is
/s/.
hits
lhltsl
othеr
third
pеrson
lsl
arc
pronounсеd
as
lzl
. seеs
lst zl
Does is
normally
pronounсеd
/du'z/
r Тhе
prеsеnt
сontinuous is formеd with thе auxiliary уеrb be and the
.ing
form
of thе main
vеrb.
I аm relахing.
You аre
relахing.
He/She is relахiпg.
Wе аre relахing.
They
аre
relахiпg
r Spеlling
problеms
Vеrbs
еnding
-e
drop thе
-e
whеn t}:rеу add
-iпg.
like liking
decide
deciding
write writiпg
Vеrbs with
onе
syllablе,
еnding
in onе vowеl and
onе сonsonant, doublе thе
сonsonant whеn
thеy add
-ing.
sit sitting
swim
swimmiпg
dig diggiпg
Vеrbs еnding
-ie
сhangе
-ie
to
-y.
lie lуing
tie
фiпg
die dуing
r
Contraсtions
In
spеесh and informal
wгiting, thе vеrb
bе
is сontraсted:
I,m
writing.
You,re writiпg. He,s/She,s writing.
We,re writiпg.
Theу,rе writing,
l
Quеstions
Yes/Ilo
quеstions
arе formеd by invеrting thе subjесt and thе alхi|iatу be.
Is
he/she
writiпg?
I4lh.
questions
follow
thе samе
pattеrn.
Whаt
аre
уou
writiпg?
Whу
аre we writing?
r Negativеs
Nеgativеs
arе formеd
with thе verb be + nof. This is сontraсtеd in spеесh
and
informal
writing.
I,m not
writiпg.
He,s пot writing' Theу,re not writiпg.
r Wе usе the
prеsеnt
сontinuous to dеsсribе:
Aсtions in
progrеss
at
thе
prеsеnt
momеnt.
Sorry, I саn,t
speаk
to
you,
I,m wаshing mу hаir.
Aсtions
happеning
,around
now,,
еvеn
though not
at thе
momеnt
of
spеaking.
I,m reаdiпg
The
Lord of thе Rings.
r
Thе
prеsеnt
сontinuous
also has some
futurе
mеanings.
Am I
writing?
Are-we writiпg?
Ate
уou
writing?
Are
theу writing?
Presеnt
сontinuous:
mеaning
GRAlvtlttlAR 2 PRЕsENт тlпnE l
Underline
thе
сorreсt
phrase in
eaсh sentenсe.
a)
What
timе
go
уou/dэ-уou-sa
to bеd
on Saturdays?
b)
Why
аre
you
wаiting/do
you
wаiting
outsidе thе
door?
с) Don,t ask Tim.
Hе
doesn,t
know/пot
kпows
thе answеr.
d)
I
hаving/I,m
haviпg my lunсh at thе
momеnt.
е) Whеn
you
leаve/do
уou
leаve thе housе
in thе morning?
f)
I don,t undеrstand.
What is hаppeniпg/is
hаppen?
g)
Еxсusе
lлrе,
does
уou
kпow/do
уou
kпow thе
timе?
h) This is a
grеat pafiу.
I,m hаviпg/Аm
I hоving
a
lovеly
timе.
2
Read thе answеrs and
then сompletе
thе
questions.
Suе? Shе
livеs
at
thе еnd of Axwеll Road.
b)
Do
Jim?
No, I don't know
him.
с)
What
At thе momеnt? I,m doing
my homеwork.
d)
Arе
Hеrе? No, I,m sitting over thеrе.
е)
Do
Hеrе? No, wе сhangе trains at
the
nеxt station.
0
why
I,m wеaring two
pullovегs
bесausе
I
fееl
сold!
3
Rеwrite
eaсh sеntenсe
so that the
verb
in itаliсs
is a negative
сontraсtion.
tе,IevtsLaw.
с) I,m using this
pеnсil
at
thе momеnt.
d) Thе сhildrеn аrе hаving
lunсh in
thе kitсhеn.
е) I
get
up еar|у on Saturday.
a)
b)
0
Еlеna is writiпg a
novel.
lNтЕRltлЕDlAтЕ
LANGUAGE
PRAстIсE
Completе
еaсh
sеntеnсe
with a
present simple
or
present сontinuous
form,
using
thе
words
in bold.
t't
al
29 Y.9.* !'L.rР ,'.
сheеsе
sandwiсhеs?
yоu likе
b)
What timе
?
thе sun
risе
с)
What
at thе
momеnt?
you rеad
d)
Sorry,
I сan,t
talk.
a bath.
I havе
е)
Wе
.'
at
sсhool.
nоt watсh
vidеos
f) Look out
of
thе
window!
it snow
g)
This
is an еxamination!
Why
?
you
talk
h) Ann
to sсhool
by bus
еvетy
day.
go
i)
a uniform
at
your sсhool?
you
Wеar
j)
Pat has
got an intеresting
hobby.
.
a boat.
shе
build
Choosе
thе
сorreсt
spelling
from eaсh
pair of
words.
<\
a)
@!!щgwritting
b) diging/digging
с) takeing/taking
d)
dесiding/dесidеing
е)
swiming/swimming
f)
having/havеing
g)
lying/liеing
h) rеadding/rеading
i) using/usеing
j)
waitingiwaitting
k) washеing/washing
l) riding/ridеing
m) flyеing/flying
n) studing/studying
o)
going/goеing
Prt
fтl
srr
ad
Еxplanations
r Frеquеnсy advеrbs arе oftеn usеd with
thе
prеsеnt
simplе. Thеy еxplain how
oftеn somеonе doеs an aсtion, or
somеthing happеns.
Prеsent simplе:
frеquenсy
advеrbs
State verbs and
aсtion vеrbs
usuаIlу //'/
sometimes
I аlwауs
get
up
аt
7'00.
Pаt
ofteп
goes
to
footbаll
mаtсhes.
It
usuаIlу rаiпs
wheп I
go
oп holidаy!
Wе
somеtimes
еаt
pizzа
for
luпсh.
аIwауs
ofteп
rаrelу
,/
|апe
rаrelу
listeпs to
jаzz.
nevеr -
Mу bus
nеvet arrivеs on
timе.
l Notе in thе abovе еxamplеs that
thе frеquеnсy
advеrb сomеs
bеforе
thе
vеrb.
With thе
vегb be
the advеrb сomеs
aftеr.
|im
is usuаIlу lаte.
r othеr frеquеnсy advеrbs arc
frеqueпtly
(////),
normаIly
(,/,/,/),
oссаsionаllу
(//),
seldom
(/),
hаrdlу evеr
(/).
r A statе is whеn somеthing stays thе
samе. An
aсtion is whеn
somеthing
happеns.
Statе
vеrbs
arе
not usually
usеd in any
сontinuous form.
I kпow whаt
уou
meап.
(NoТ
.)
Еxamplеs
of statе
vеrbs arе:
r
sеnsеs: аppеаL
heаr, Iook like,
see,
tаste
r fееIing: like, hаte, lovе,
prefer,
wапt, wish
r
thinkingi аgrеe,
beliеve,
forget,
know,
thiпk, uпderstаnd
r
possеssion:
belong to, сoпtоiп, hаvе,
own
l
bеing:
be,
eхist
r
othеr: сost, depend
oп, meaп,
need
r Somе of thе vеrbs in thе
prеvious
list
сan havе a
,statе,
mеaning and an
,aсtion,
mеaning. Еxamplеs inсludе
be, hаve,
tаste, thiпk.
I hаve two sistеrs.
I,m hаving
problеms
with this
сomputer.
r Somеtimеs statе vеrbs сan
dеsсribе
tеmpolary
fееlings.
How аre
уou
gettiпg
on аt
уour
new
sсhool?
I hаte/(m hаting it!
(pеrmanеnt
statе)
(tеmporary
aсtion)
INтERlvlEDlAтЕ
LANGUAGE
PRACтICE
Present
simpIе
or
сontinuous?
Presеnt
сontinuous:
future
mеanings
other
problеms
Сornparе:
Prеsеnt simplе
pеrmanеnt
habits and
routinеs
faсts that arе always truе
gеnегal
situations
Prеsеnt сontinuous
tеmpoIary
in
progrеss now
еvеnts
happеning at
thе
momеnt
a
partiсular situation
(all
thе timе)
(for
a fеw
months)
I live in Budаpеst'
I,m liviпg in Budаpest.
This
plапe
lаnds iп Frапkfurt,
(routinе)
We,re lапding.
(in
progress now)
Thе
prеsеnt
сontinuous сan
bе usеd
to dеsстibе
a fixеd
futurе arrangеmеnt.
Thеrе is usually a futurе timе
еxpression.
PаuI is leаviпg eаrlу tomorrow
morning'
Mу
pаrеnts
аre buуing me а
mouпtаiп
bikе
for
my birthdаy.
This usagе
is
сommon whеn
we dеsсribе
soсiаl
arrangеmеnts.
Are
уou
doiпg апуthiпg on Sаturdау?
We,re
going
skаting.
feel
Thеrе is almost no diffеrеnсе of
mеaning
bеtwееn
thе simplе
and
сontinuous.
I
feel
аwful! I,m
feeliпg
аwful!
How do
уou feel
пow?
How аre
уou
feeling
пow?
Prеsеnt сontinuous or
prеsеnt
pеrfесt сontinuous?
Suе is stауing with
|ill.
(in
pтogrеss
noщ
and
will сontinuе)
Sue
hаs beeп stауiпg with
IiП
siпсe
Mаrсh.
(in
progrеss
up to now,
and
may or
may not сontinuе)
Pтеsent
сontinuous wtth аIwауs
Wе сan
luse
аIwауs with thе
pтеsеnt
сontinuous
whеn we arе
еxaggеlating
or
сomplaining.
Wе еmphasize аlwауs
in
spеесh
in
this
сasе.
You,re
аlwауs
forgettiпg
your keys!
Prеsеnt simplе
in narrativеs
In
spеесh
Wе сan use
thе
prеsеnt simplе
to make
a story or
jokе
appear
morе
immеdiatе and intеrеsting, еvеn
though
the еvеnts
wеrе
in thе
past.
This is
also usеd
in wтittеn
summariеs
suсh
as
plots
of telеvision
sеriеs.
A mап v,аIks into а bаr апd
оsks
for
а
glаss
of wаter.
The bаrmаn
Sауs
''.
The
story
so
fаr:
Miсhаel
meets Susап
in
the
librаry
аnd tells
hеr аbout the
missing eаrriпgs '
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